- ✅ Manufacturer: *Ergon INC ( *Click Link )
- ✅ Bio Tank Variants : *Budget Series Bio Collection Tank & *Elite Series Bio Collection Tank Category: Preliminarily Wastewater & biological treatment of sewage Pre-Treatment Chamber Application: Domestic, Commercial, Institutional & Industrial Wastewater Management.
📘 CPHEEO LPCD – Design Basis
Clause C-1: Definition of LPCD
Litres Per Capita Per Day (LPCD) is the average quantity of water supplied
or wastewater generated per person per day and forms the primary basis
for sewage and greywater system design.
Clause C-2: CPHEEO Recommended Domestic LPCD
As per :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0},
the standard domestic water demand for urban areas with full water supply
shall be taken as 135 LPCD.
Clause C-3: Post-COVID Design Adoption
Considering enhanced hygiene practices, frequent handwashing, and
increased cleaning, a higher LPCD may be adopted for realistic and safe
design. Accordingly, 150 LPCD is adopted as a
project-specific CPHEEO-compliant design value.
🟢 Sewage Generation – CPHEEO Split
Clause S-1: Sewage Generation Factor
CPHEEO recommends that 80% to 90% of total water supply
shall be considered as sewage generation.
Sewage Design Formula:
Sewage Flow (KLD) = Population × LPCD × 0.8 to 0.9 ÷ 1000
Clause S-2: Design Intent
The adopted sewage factor shall account for conveyance losses,
consumptive use, and evaporation, while ensuring that treatment units
are not hydraulically under-sized.
🔵 Greywater Generation – CPHEEO Split
Clause G-1: Greywater Definition
Greywater includes wastewater generated from bath, wash basin,
laundry, and kitchen (after grease trap), excluding toilet waste.
Clause G-2: Greywater Proportion
As per CPHEEO planning practice, greywater typically constitutes 60% to 70% of total domestic water consumption.
Greywater Design Formula:
Greywater Flow (KLD) = Population × Greywater LPCD ÷ 1000
Clause G-3: Post-COVID Greywater LPCD
In post-COVID conditions, greywater generation shall be adopted as 150 LPCD due to increased washing and cleaning practices,
unless supported by lower metered data approved by authorities.
📐 Design & Compliance Note
LPCD values adopted for sewage and greywater design shall be clearly
stated in DPRs, drawings, and tender documents and shall conform to
CPHEEO philosophy, subject to approval by local bodies and Pollution
Control Boards.
Separate treatment of sewage and greywater is encouraged to improve
reuse efficiency, reduce load on STPs, and promote sustainable water
management.
1. System Overview
The Ergon Bio Collection Tank is the first and critical stage in an integrated onsite wastewater treatment system. It acts as the primary reception chamber that:
Collects raw sewage and wastewater from toilets, showers, kitchen drains, and wash areas.
Initiates biological decomposition of organic waste through microbial action.
Provides a controlled environment for settling and digestion of solids before effluent moves into subsequent treatment stages (e.g., Bio Tank and Evaporation Tank).
Unlike conventional septic tanks that primarily rely on storage and passive settling, the Bio Collection Tank is engineered to begin biological organic breakdown immediately, minimizing sludge formation and odor generation.
2. Purpose & Functional Role
The Bio Collection Tank serves three principal functions:
🟢 SECTION I – Stage I: Bio Anaerobic & Anaerobic Bacterial Digestion
Ergon Bio Cleanser® is an advanced bio-enzymatic formulation developed for anaerobic and hybrid wastewater treatment systems. It accelerates digestion of organic waste, reduces sludge, neutralizes odour, and improves effluent quality without chemicals or electricity.
Anaerobic Digestion Products:
CO₂ (Carbon dioxide) | CH₄ (Methane) | H₂O (Water) | Stabilized biomass
Application: Ergon Bio Tanks, Bio Septic Tanks, Bio STPs, Bio Greywater Systems
🧪 Functional Role of Ergon Bio Cleanser®
- Bacterial Consortium: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Methanothrix
- Primary Enzymes: Protease, Lipase, Amylase, Cellulase, Esterase
- Odour Control: Converts H₂S & NH₃ into stable compounds
- Biofilm Formation: Prevents scum buildup
- pH Stability: Maintains 6.8 – 7.4
- Biodegradability: 100% natural & non-toxic
🧬 Composition & Physical Properties
- Microbial Cultures: Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Lactobacillus spp.
- Enzymes: Amylase, Protease, Lipase, Cellulase
- Nutrient Carriers: Natural carbohydrates & mineral salts
- Bio-surfactants: Plant-derived saponins
- Form: Powder | Shelf Life: 24 months
- Toxicity: Non-toxic, safe for humans & animals
🔬 Biological Reaction Mechanism (Stage-wise)
Stage 1 – Hydrolysis
CPHEEO 2013 Sec. 12.3 | IS 2470-1 Cl. 4.2
Polysaccharides → Sugars | Proteins → Amino acids | Fats → Fatty acids
Stage 2 – Acidogenesis
CPHEEO 2013 Sec. 7.4.2 | IS 2470-1 Cl. 5
Glucose → VFAs + CO₂ + H₂
Stage 3 – Acetogenesis
CPHEEO 2013 Sec. 7.4.3 | IS 2470-1 Cl. 5.3
VFAs → Acetate + CO₂ + H₂
Stage 4 – Methanogenesis
CPHEEO 2013 Sec. 7.4.4 | IS 2470-1 Cl. 6
CH₃COOH → CH₄ + CO₂
Results: Complete stabilization, minimal sludge, odour elimination
🟢 Certificate – Stage I Compliance
This is to certify that the Ergon Bio Tank® Stage I system operates as a Primary Anaerobic Biological Digestion unit,
conforming to CPHEEO Manual (2013) Section 12.3 & 12.7, IS 2470 (Part 1 & 2):1985, NBC 2016 Part 9 & 11,
and Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 – Section 24.
🔵 SECTION II – Stage II: Aerobic Polishing & Evapotranspiration (ZLD)
Stage II provides aerobic polishing and natural water removal without discharge.
Water is released into engineered soil and plant root zones, returning safely to the atmosphere.
- Aerobic Oxidation: Organics → CO₂ + H₂O
- Nitrification: NH₄⁺ → NO₃⁻ → N₂
- Evaporation & Transpiration
- Final BOD & COD reduction
CPCB Schedule-VI compliant treated water
Safe for: ET | Soil absorption | Non-potable reuse
Zero sludge | Zero operator skill | No tanker dependency
🔵 Certificate – Stage II Compliance
This is to certify that the Ergon Bio Tank® Stage II system provides Secondary Aerobic Polishing followed by
Evapotranspiration / Land Disposal, fully compliant with CPHEEO Manual (2013) Section 12.4 & 12.7,
IS 2470 (Part 2):1985 Clause 6.2, Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 – Schedule VI,
CPCB Effluent Discharge Standards, Water Act, 1974 Section 24(1), and ISO 16075:2020.
a. Wastewater Reception
All wastewater and sewage from household or commercial plumbing drains are directed into this tank. It acts as the first point of contact for wastewater in the entire treatment system.
b. Primary Biological Digestion
Beneficial anaerobic bacteria begin degrading organic solids and waste immediately upon entry. This reduces the load of solids, lowers biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and stabilizes waste before further treatment.
c. Settling of Solids
The tank is designed with settling compartments that allow heavy particles to settle to the bottom, while lighter liquids remain on top and proceed to the next stage. This separation is key to better downstream treatment efficiency.
🟢 Post-COVID Sewage Treatment – Working
Clause S-1: Design Basis
Sewage treatment systems shall be designed considering post-COVID
enhanced hygiene practices with increased water usage.
Clause S-2: Adopted LPCD
Water demand shall be considered as 150 LPCD.
Sewage generation shall be taken as 80–90% of water consumption.
Clause S-3: Treatment Process
Anaerobic biological digestion followed by aerobic polishing shall
be provided to reduce organic load, suspended solids, and odour.
Clause S-4: Treated Sewage Reuse
Treated sewage may be reused for gardening, flushing (after tertiary
treatment), or disposed through approved percolation systems.
🔵 Post-COVID Greywater Treatment – Working
Clause G-1: Definition
Greywater includes wastewater from bath, wash basin, laundry, and
kitchen after grease trap, excluding toilet waste.
Clause G-2: Post-COVID Greywater LPCD
Greywater generation shall be adopted as 150 LPCD due to increased hygiene and cleaning practices.
Clause G-3: Treatment Stages
Screening → Grease Trap → Anaerobic Bio-Treatment →
Aerobic Polishing → Filtration → UV Disinfection (where applicable).
Type I – Gardening Reuse
Clause G-I:
Biologically treated greywater shall be reused for gardening
and landscaping through sub-surface irrigation without UV
disinfection, as human exposure is minimal.
Type II – UV Treated & Ground Percolation
Clause G-II:
Greywater shall be UV disinfected before discharge into
recharge pits or dispersion trenches to safeguard soil and
groundwater quality.
Type III – UV Treated & Toilet Flushing
Clause G-III:
Tertiary treated and UV-disinfected greywater shall be reused
for toilet flushing through dual plumbing systems with
backflow prevention and non-potable water identification.
🟢 Post-COVID Sewage Treatment – Working
Clause S-1: Design Basis (Post-COVID)
Sewage generation shall be designed considering enhanced hygiene,
increased water usage, and public health requirements post-COVID.
The adopted design value shall be 150 LPCD.
Clause S-2: Sewage Flow Estimation
Average sewage generation shall be taken as 80–90% of total
water use.
Sewage Flow (KLD) = Population × 150 LPCD × 0.8 to 0.9
Clause S-3: Biological Treatment Process
Sewage shall undergo anaerobic biological digestion followed by aerobic
polishing to reduce BOD, COD, TSS, and odour, in line with CPHEEO
decentralized treatment philosophy.
Clause S-4: Treated Sewage Reuse / Disposal
Treated sewage may be reused for landscaping, flushing (after tertiary
treatment), or safely disposed through percolation or approved outlets
as per local authority norms.
🔵 Post-COVID Greywater Treatment – Working
Clause G-1: Greywater Definition
Greywater includes wastewater from baths, wash basins, laundry, and
kitchens (after grease trap) and excludes toilet waste.
Clause G-2: Post-COVID Greywater LPCD
Due to increased handwashing, bathing, and cleaning practices,
greywater generation shall be adopted as 150 LPCD (Post-COVID Design Norm).
Clause G-3: Greywater Treatment Stages
Screening → Grease Trap → Anaerobic Bio-Treatment →
Aerobic Polishing → Filtration → UV Disinfection (where applicable).
▶ Type I – Gardening Reuse
Clause G-I:
Treated greywater after secondary biological treatment shall be reused
for gardening and landscaping through sub-surface irrigation without
UV disinfection.
▶ Type II – UV Treated & Ground Percolation
Clause G-II:
Greywater shall undergo UV disinfection before discharge into recharge
pits or dispersion trenches to protect soil and groundwater quality.
▶ Type III – UV Treated & Toilet Flushing
Clause G-III:
Tertiary treated and UV-disinfected greywater shall be reused for toilet
flushing through dual plumbing systems with backflow prevention and
non-potable labeling.
3. Working Mechanism — Biological & Physical Processes
The treatment in the Bio Collection Tank involves natural microbial metabolism and physical settling:
a. Inflow & Mixing
Raw wastewater enters through an inlet pipe designed to prevent backflow and ensure smooth distribution.
b. Sedimentation
Suspended solids begin to settle at the bottom due to gravity. This settling creates zones of varying density — with heavier organic solids at the base.
c. Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic bacteria (microorganisms that thrive without oxygen) break down the settled organic matter. This produces:
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Methane (CH₄)
Water (H₂O)
Stabilized biomass
This process is similar to established biodigester technology used in advanced onsite systems.
d. Effluent Transfer
Partially treated liquid effluent — with reduced solids and organic load — flows by gravity to the Ergon Bio Tank for further biological treatment and polishing.
4. Design & Technical Specifications
| Specification | Detail / Range |
|---|
| Tank Type | Primary Collection & Biological Pre-Treatment Chamber |
| Material Options | M25 Bio Concrete RCC Tank (Reinforced Cement Concrete) |
| Operating Principle | Gravity flow + Anaerobic bacterial digestion |
| Power Requirements | None (Passive system) |
| Design Life | > 30 years (RCC) |
| Maintenance | Minimal (periodic inspection) |
| Typical Sizes | 1000 L – 10,000 L and above (customized) |
| Connection | Inlet from building drains; outlet to secondary treatment (Bio Tank) |
Chamber Zones:
Inlet Zone – receives raw sewage.
Sedimentation Zone – solids settle under gravity.
Digestion Zone – microbial action stabilizes organic waste.
Outlet Zone – clarified liquid flows onward.
🟢 Sewage Working
🔵 Greywater Working
🧮 LPCD → KLD Calculator
Clause S-1: Design Basis (Post-COVID)
Sewage generation shall be designed considering enhanced hygiene,
increased water usage, and public health requirements post-COVID.
The adopted design value shall be 150 LPCD.
Clause S-2: Sewage Flow Estimation
Average sewage generation shall be taken as 80–90% of total water use.
Sewage Flow (KLD) = Population × 150 LPCD × 0.8 to 0.9
Clause S-3: Biological Treatment Process
Anaerobic biological digestion followed by aerobic polishing shall be
provided to reduce BOD, COD, TSS, and odour, in line with CPHEEO
decentralized treatment philosophy.
Clause S-4: Treated Sewage Reuse / Disposal
Treated sewage may be reused for landscaping, flushing (after tertiary
treatment), or safely disposed through percolation or approved outlets
as per local authority norms.
Clause G-1: Greywater Definition
Greywater includes wastewater from baths, wash basins, laundry, and
kitchens (after grease trap) and excludes toilet waste.
Clause G-2: Post-COVID Greywater LPCD
Greywater generation shall be adopted as 150 LPCD (Post-COVID Design Norm).
Clause G-3: Greywater Treatment Stages
Screening → Grease Trap → Anaerobic Bio-Treatment →
Aerobic Polishing → Filtration → UV Disinfection (where applicable).
Type I – Gardening Reuse
Treated greywater after secondary biological treatment shall be reused
for gardening and landscaping through sub-surface irrigation without
UV disinfection.
Type II – UV Treated & Ground Percolation
Greywater shall undergo UV disinfection before discharge into recharge
pits or dispersion trenches to protect soil and groundwater quality.
Type III – UV Treated & Toilet Flushing
Tertiary treated and UV-disinfected greywater shall be reused for toilet
flushing through dual plumbing systems with backflow prevention and
non-potable labeling.
Raw Domestic Sewage
↓
Inlet Chamber
↓
Anaerobic Digestion Zone
(Bio-Nano Bacterial Action)
↓
Hydraulic Retention & Sludge Stabilization
↓
Partially Treated Effluent
5. Biological & Physical Reaction Chain
The Bio Collection Tank initiates the waste treatment chain through:
| Stage | Process | Result |
|---|
| Hydrolysis | Breaks complex macromolecules | Smaller organic molecules |
| Acidogenesis | Fermentation by anaerobes | Volatile fatty acids |
| Acetogenesis | Fats/sugars → acetate + H₂ | Readied for methanogenesis |
| Methanogenesis | Final anaerobic digestion | CH₄ + CO₂ + water |
The outcome is partial stabilization of waste material and reduced organic load — preparing effluent for downstream processing.
6. Performance Metrics (Typical Targets)
| Parameter | Influent Raw Sewage | Post-Collection Tank | CPCB Standard (Example) |
|---|
| pH | 6.5–8.0 | ~6.8–8.2 | 6.5–8.5 |
| BOD (mg/L) | ~250–350 | 150–200 | ≤ 30 (after full treatment) |
| COD (mg/L) | ~500–800 | 300–500 | ≤ 250 (after full treatment) |
| TSS (mg/L) | ~300–400 | 150–300 | ≤ 100 (after full treatment) |
The Bio Collection Tank is not meant to meet final discharge standards on its own — those are achieved after the complete treatment train (Bio Tank + Evaporation/Polishing). The collection tank significantly lowers solids and organic load, improving overall system performance.
7. Government Standards & Compliance (India)
The Bio Collection Tank supports regulatory compliance by preparing wastewater for full treatment so that final discharge meets norms under:
a. Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
b. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
Under this Act, CPCB prescribes effluent discharge limits (e.g., BOD, COD, TSS) for treated wastewater, which the complete system — starting with the Collection Tank — is designed to achieve.
c. CPCB Discharge Standards (Schedule VI, EPA 1986 — Example)
These are final discharge standards for sewage after full treatment, and the Bio Collection Tank plays an important preparatory role:
By reducing the load before main treatment, the Collection Tank helps the downstream Bio Tank consistently meet these benchmarks.
Ergon Bio Tank – Stage-wise Treatment Flow
Raw Domestic Sewage
Stage I – Anaerobic Digestion
CPHEEO 2013 • Sec 12.3 / 12.7
Stage II – Aerobic Polishing
CPHEEO 2013 • Sec 12.4
ET / Land Disposal / Reuse
IS 2470 • EPA 1986 • ISO 16075
8. Installation & Operational Guidelines
Site Preparation
Assess soil type, wastewater flow, and connection from building drains.
Excavation for tank base with stable load-bearing soil.
Tank Placement
Backfilling
Commissioning
Routine Inspection
Check inlet/outlet integrity.
Verify no blockages in inlet and outlet flow.
Inspect for odor or hydraulic backup.
9. Benefits of the Ergon Bio Collection Tank
✔ Efficient Primary Treatment: Begins degradation immediately, reducing load on downstream units.
✔ Reduced Sludge Formation: Minimizes solids sent to subsequent compartments.
✔ Odor Mitigation: Anaerobic breakdown in a controlled environment with venting reduces foul smells.
✔ Low Maintenance: Passive design requiring little operational input.
✔ Enhances Overall System Performance: By lowering initial organic load, the entire treatment train performs more reliably.
10. Applications
Residential Homes & Villas
Apartment Complexes
Hotels & Resorts
Educational & Institutional Campuses
Commercial Spaces
Industrial Facilities with Onsite Wastewater Systems
Ideal where central sewerage is unavailable or where sustainable, eco-friendly onsite wastewater treatment is required.
11. Safety & Environmental Considerations
Ensure venting and gas release structures are installed per design to avoid anaerobic gas buildup.
Avoid flushing non-biodegradable items that can disrupt biological activity.
Tank access points must be secured to prevent accidental entry or hazards.
Conclusion
The Ergon Bio Collection Tank is a foundational component of modern onsite wastewater management solutions. By combining primary collection, physical settling, and initial biological digestion, it prepares wastewater for advanced treatment stages, enabling downstream units like the Ergon Bio Tank and Bio Evaporation Tank to deliver eco-compliant, low-odor, sustainable effluent. Together, they form an effective, low-maintenance, and environmentally responsible wastewater treatment system suitable for residential, commercial, and institutional applications.
🧮 Auto LPCD → KLD Split Calculator
📐 Design Logic
Post-COVID Design Logic:
• Total water demand adopted = 150 LPCD
• Greywater considered = 150 LPCD
• Sewage (blackwater) = 80–90% of water use
Formulas:
Greywater KLD = Population × 150 ÷ 1000
Sewage KLD = Population × 150 × (0.8–0.9) ÷ 1000
Design aligned with post-COVID hygiene usage and CPHEEO decentralized
sewage treatment philosophy.
🧪Ergon Bio Cleanser® 🌿(HSN 3507) Advanced Bio-Enzymatic Treatment for Anaerobic Wastewater Systems.
1. Product Overview
Product Name: Ergon Bio Cleanser
Manufacturer: Ergon INC - Ergon Bio Tank
Category: Biological Wastewater Treatment Additive
Function: Accelerates the biological degradation of organic waste, reduces sludge, neutralizes odor, and improves effluent quality in domestic and industrial wastewater systems.
Role of Ergon Bio Cleanser® – Functional Summary
Bacterial Strains: Facultative anaerobes (Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Methanothrix)
Primary Enzymes: Protease, Lipase, Amylase, Cellulase, Esterase
Odor Control: Neutralizes H₂S and NH₃ by converting sulfides and nitrates into stable salts
Biofilm Formation: Creates a stable microbial layer on tank walls, preventing scum buildup
pH Stability: Maintains neutral range (6.8–7.4) for optimal digestion
Biodegradability: 100% natural, non-toxic, biodegradable formulation
2. Composition
| Component | Function | Typical Strains/Type |
|---|
| Non-pathogenic bacterial cultures | Decompose organic waste | Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Lactobacillus spp. |
| Enzymes (multi-enzyme complex) | Hydrolyze organic macromolecules | Amylase, Protease, Lipase, Cellulase |
| Organic nutrient carriers | Support microbial activity | Natural carbohydrates & mineral salts |
| Bio surfactants (plant-derived) | Improve substrate contact & emulsification | Saponins & biosurfactant-producing microbes |
| pH stabilizers | Maintain optimum pH for bacterial growth | Calcium carbonate / sodium bicarbonate |
Form: Powder
Shelf Life: 24 months (dry, cool storage)
Toxicity: Non-toxic, biodegradable, safe for humans and animals
Final End Products
3. Biological Reaction Mechanism
The biological treatment process occurs through sequential enzymatic reactions:
Hydrolysis: Complex organics (fats, proteins, starches) → Simpler compounds (amino acids, fatty acids, sugars).
Acidogenesis: Sugars & amino acids → Volatile fatty acids (acetic, propionic, butyric acids).
Acetogenesis: Volatile fatty acids → Acetate, CO₂, H₂.
Methanogenesis (Anaerobic stage): Acetate & CO₂ → CH₄ (Methane) + H₂O + CO₂.
Aerobic Oxidation: CO₂ + organic residues → CO₂ + H₂O + microbial biomass (harmless sludge).
Stage 1 — Hydrolysis Enzymatic Breakdown of Complex Organics
Purpose ; To break down large, insoluble organic molecules into soluble monomers that microorganisms can absorb.
Key Enzymes Activated
Representative Reactions
(C6H10O5)n+nH2O→nC6H12O6(C₆H₁₀O₅)_n + nH₂O \rightarrow nC₆H₁₂O₆
(C6H10O5)n+nH2O→nC6H12O6
Proteins + H₂O → Amino acids
Lipids + H₂O → Glycerol + Fatty acids
Results
Converts solids into soluble nutrients
Prevents scum and sludge accumulation
Prepares wastewater for biological digestion
Overall Result: Reduction of BOD, COD, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and odor — achieving CPCB-compliant effluent discharge quality.
Stage 2 — Acidogenesis Conversion to Organic Acids and Gases
Purpose
To convert soluble monomers into organic acids and biogases through acidogenic bacteria.
Typical Reactions
C6H12O6→2CH3CH2COOH+2CO2+2H2C₆H₁₂O₆ \rightarrow 2CH₃CH₂COOH + 2CO₂ + 2H₂
C6H12O6→2CH3CH2COOH+2CO2+2H2
C6H12O6→2CH3CH2OH+2CO2C₆H₁₂O₆ \rightarrow 2CH₃CH₂OH + 2CO₂
C6H12O6→2CH3CH2OH+2CO2
Main Products
Results
Significant reduction of organic load
Suppression of sulfur-producing, odor-causing bacteria
Generates substrates for acetogenesis
Stage 3 — Acetogenesis Formation and Stabilization of Acetate
Purpose
To convert volatile fatty acids into acetate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide.
Typical Reaction
CH3CH2COOH+2H2O→CH3COOH+CO2+3H2CH₃CH₂COOH + 2H₂O \rightarrow CH₃COOH + CO₂ + 3H₂
CH3CH2COOH+2H2O→CH3COOH+CO2+3H2
Outputs
Acetate (CH₃COOH)
Hydrogen (H₂)
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Results
Stabilizes intermediate acids
Prevents acid shock and prolonged low pH
Ensures steady, controlled feed for methanogenesis
Stage 4 — Methanogenesis & Methane Neutralization Final Stabilization and Carbon Balance
Purpose
To convert acetate and hydrogen into methane and carbon dioxide, followed by biological methane neutralization.
Methanogenic Reactions
CH3COOH→CH4+CO2CH₃COOH \rightarrow CH₄ + CO₂
CH3COOH→CH4+CO2
CO2+4H2→CH4+2H2OCO₂ + 4H₂ \rightarrow CH₄ + 2H₂O
CO2+4H2→CH4+2H2O
4. Performance Parameters
| Parameter | Initial Value (Typical Raw Wastewater) | Treated Effluent (After 14–21 Days) | CPCB Limit (General Standards) |
|---|
| pH | 6.0–8.5 | 6.5–8.5 | 6.5–8.5 |
| BOD (mg/L) | 250–350 | 25–30 | ≤ 30 |
| COD (mg/L) | 500–800 | 150–250 | ≤ 250 |
| TSS (mg/L) | 300–400 | 70–90 | ≤ 100 |
| Oil & Grease (mg/L) | 50–80 | 10–15 | ≤ 10–15 |
| Odor (H₂S, NH₃) | Strong | Negligible | — |
These values indicate consistent alignment with CPCB Schedule VI, EPA 1986 (Rule 3A) discharge norms.
5. Dosage Guidelines
a. Domestic Septic Systems
| Tank Capacity | Initial Dose | Maintenance Dose | Frequency |
|---|
| Up to 1000 L | 250 g / 250 mL | 100 g / 100 mL | Weekly |
| 2000–5000 L | 500 g / 500 mL | 200 g / 200 mL | Weekly |
| >5000 L | 1 kg / 1 L | 500 g / 500 mL | Weekly |
b. Commercial/Institutional Systems
| Type | Volume Range | Dosage | Frequency |
|---|
| Apartment STP | 10–50 m³ | 1 kg per 10 m³ | Every 3–5 days |
| Hotel / Hospital STP | 50–100 m³ | 1.5 kg per 10 m³ | Every 3–5 days |
| ETP / Industrial Plant | >100 m³ | 2 kg per 10 m³ | Every 3–5 days |
⚠️ Avoid use of chlorine, acid, or harsh detergents in the system within 12 hours before or after dosing.
6. Compliance Standards
| Standard / Clause | Description |
|---|
| CPCB (General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants, Schedule VI – EPA 1986) | Specifies permissible limits for BOD ≤ 30 mg/L, COD ≤ 250 mg/L, TSS ≤ 100 mg/L for treated sewage. |
| ISO 10634:2018 | Guidelines for testing biodegradability of organic compounds in aqueous media. |
| ISO 8192:2007 | Water quality — inhibition test of activated sludge by chemicals. |
| Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 — Section 24(1) | Prohibits discharge of pollutants exceeding prescribed standards into water bodies. |
| National Building Code (NBC 2016, Part 9, Section 1) | Encourages use of eco-friendly onsite treatment systems for sewage and greywater reuse. |
Ergon Bio Cleanser supports compliance with all above standards by ensuring treated effluent meets BOD/COD norms without harmful byproducts.
7. Safety & Environmental Data
Biodegradability: >98% (OECD 301B Test)
Non-pathogenicity: Verified by standard microbial screening
Storage Conditions: Keep sealed, dry, below 40°C
Safety Classification: Non-hazardous under OSHA & UN GHS
8. Application & Maintenance Recommendations
Ensure continuous wastewater flow for best results.
Maintain pH between 6.5–8.5 in the tank.
Use monthly visual or lab testing (BOD/COD) to confirm performance.
Supplement dosing if system receives high detergent or chemical inflow.
9. Expected Outcomes
✅ 90–95% reduction in odor
✅ 60–80% reduction in sludge volume within 4–6 weeks
✅ 70–90% improvement in effluent clarity
✅ CPCB-compliant discharge water within 21 days of consistent dosing
Stage 5 :Aerobic Oxidation — Biological Mechanism and Environmental Application
1. Definition and Overview
Aerobic oxidation is a biological process in which microorganisms (mainly aerobic bacteria) use oxygen to oxidize and break down organic residues (biodegradable matter) into carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), and microbial biomass (cellular growth or harmless sludge).
It represents one of the final and most stable stages of wastewater treatment, ensuring the complete mineralization of organic compounds and stabilizing the effluent before safe discharge or reuse.
The generalized reaction can be represented as:
\text{Organic Matter (CₓHᵧO_z) + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + New Cells (Biomass)}
Simplified in the context of biological wastewater treatment:
CO₂ + organic residues → CO₂ + H₂O + microbial biomass
\text{CO₂ + organic residues → CO₂ + H₂O + microbial biomass}
CO₂ + organic residues → CO₂ + H₂O + microbial biomass
2. Scientific Mechanism
a. Microbial Role
The process is driven by aerobic heterotrophic bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, and Flavobacterium species.
These microorganisms utilize dissolved oxygen (DO) as an electron acceptor during metabolism.
Oxidation:
The microbes oxidize carbonaceous organic compounds to extract energy (ATP).
C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+Energy(ATP)C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP)
C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+Energy(ATP)
Synthesis:
Part of the organic carbon is assimilated by microorganisms for cell growth and reproduction, forming biomass (microbial sludge).
Respiration:
The produced CO₂ and H₂O are released as byproducts, and the biomass continues the oxidation cycle with new organic inputs.
Synthesis:
Part of the organic carbon is assimilated by microorganisms for cell growth and reproduction, forming biomass (microbial sludge).
Respiration:
The produced CO₂ and H₂O are released as byproducts, and the biomass continues the oxidation cycle with new organic inputs.
3. Role in Wastewater Treatment
Primary Function:
Aerobic oxidation reduces biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) — key indicators of water pollution.
Application Stages:
In Ergon Bio Tank Systems:
The aerobic oxidation phase occurs after anaerobic stabilization. It ensures the oxidation of residual organic matter, producing a clear, odor-free effluent.
In Activated Sludge Processes (ASPs):
This is the main treatment stage where aeration and microbial oxidation occur intensively.
In Natural Systems:
Found in oxidation ponds, trickling filters, and constructed wetlands.
4. Biochemical Reactions
| Process | Type | Example Reaction |
|---|
| Carbon Oxidation | Aerobic degradation of carbonaceous matter | C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O |
| Biomass Formation | Assimilation of organics into microbial cells | Organic matter + O₂ → Biomass (C₅H₇O₂N) |
| Nitrification (if nitrogen present) | Oxidation of NH₄⁺ to NO₃⁻ | NH₄⁺ + 2O₂ → NO₃⁻ + 2H⁺ + H₂O |
5. Output Products
| Product | Description | Environmental Impact |
|---|
| CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide) | Stable gaseous end product of carbon oxidation | Released harmlessly into atmosphere |
| H₂O (Water) | Produced from oxidation of hydrogen in organics | Joins treated effluent, safe for discharge |
| Microbial Biomass (Sludge) | Dead and living microbial cells | Settles as harmless sludge, can be used as biofertilizer after stabilization |
6. Environmental and Operational Benefits
✅ Odor Elimination:
Complete oxidation prevents formation of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) or methane (CH₄), making the process odor-free.
✅ High Treatment Efficiency:
Can achieve >90% reduction in BOD and COD when optimized.
✅ Non-toxic End Products:
Produces CO₂, H₂O, and stable biomass with no harmful residues.
✅ Supports Regulatory Compliance:
Effluent after aerobic oxidation can meet CPCB Schedule VI and EPA 1986 discharge standards:
BOD ≤ 30 mg/L
COD ≤ 250 mg/L
TSS ≤ 100 mg/L
✅ Environmentally Sustainable:
Operates naturally with oxygen (ambient or supplied), requiring minimal intervention in passive systems like Ergon Bio Tanks.
7. Design Considerations in Ergon Bio Systems
In Ergon Bio Tank Systems, aerobic oxidation occurs in the upper or final compartment, enhanced by:
Natural air diffusion via vent stacks.
Biofilm media providing a large surface area for microbial colonization.
Residual oxygen from venting and convection processes.
This ensures:
Rapid stabilization of wastewater.
Minimal sludge generation.
Clear and odorless effluent.
8. Relation to Anaerobic Processes
| Aspect | Anaerobic Digestion | Aerobic Oxidation |
|---|
| Oxygen Requirement | None | Requires oxygen |
| End Products | CH₄, CO₂, NH₃ | CO₂, H₂O, Biomass |
| Energy Generation | Produces methane (biogas) | Consumes oxygen, produces heat |
| Odor | Possible (H₂S) | None |
| Reaction Speed | Slower | Faster |
In hybrid systems like Ergon’s, anaerobic and aerobic zones work sequentially to maximize treatment efficiency.
9. Environmental Compliance Framework (India)
Aerobic oxidation supports compliance with:
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
CPCB Schedule VI (EPA 1986) — defines effluent discharge norms
ISO 10634:2018 — biodegradability testing standards
National Building Code (NBC 2016, Part 9) — sustainable sanitation design standards
10. Summary
Aerobic oxidation is the final polishing step in biological wastewater treatment, converting remaining organic matter into stable, environmentally safe products.
By leveraging oxygen and beneficial microbes, it:
Produces clear, odor-free, and non-toxic effluent
Reduces pollution load to meet or exceed regulatory norms
Forms only harmless biological sludge, suitable for composting or biofertilizer use
In the Ergon Bio Tank System, this stage completes the natural purification cycle, ensuring sustainable wastewater treatment aligned with CPCB and ISO environmental standards.
🧪 Ergon Bio Cleanser® – Product Overview
Product Name: Ergon Bio Cleanser®
HSN Code: 3507
Manufacturer: Ergon INC – Ergon Bio Tank
Category: Biological Wastewater Treatment Additive
Ergon Bio Cleanser® is an advanced bio-enzymatic formulation designed for anaerobic and hybrid wastewater treatment systems.
It accelerates natural biological digestion, reduces sludge volume, neutralizes odour, and improves treated effluent quality without chemicals or electricity.
⚙️ Functional Role of Ergon Bio Cleanser®
Bacterial Consortium: Facultative anaerobes – Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Methanothrix
Primary Enzymes: Protease, Lipase, Amylase, Cellulase, Esterase
Odour Control: Converts H₂S and NH₃ into stable, non-volatile compounds
Biofilm Formation: Develops a stable microbial layer preventing scum buildup
pH Stability: Maintains optimal digestion range (6.8 – 7.4)
Biodegradability: 100% natural, non-toxic, biodegradable
🧬 Composition & Physical Properties
Microbial Cultures: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Lactobacillus spp.
Enzymes: Amylase, Protease, Lipase, Cellulase
Nutrient Carriers: Natural carbohydrates & mineral salts
Bio-surfactants: Plant-derived saponins
pH Stabilizers: Calcium carbonate / sodium bicarbonate
Form: Powder
Shelf Life: 24 months (cool & dry storage)
Toxicity: Non-toxic, safe for humans & animals
🔬 Biological Reaction Mechanism
Hydrolysis: Complex organics → soluble sugars, amino acids, fatty acids
Acidogenesis: Sugars & amino acids → volatile fatty acids + gases
Acetogenesis: VFAs → acetate + CO₂ + H₂
Methanogenesis: Acetate & CO₂ → CH₄ + H₂O
Aerobic Oxidation: Residual organics → CO₂ + H₂O + biomass
Final End Products: CO₂, H₂O, trace nutrients, zero sludge residue
🔬 Stage 1 – Hydrolysis | Enzymatic Breakdown of Complex Organics
Purpose:
To convert large, insoluble organic molecules into soluble compounds that microorganisms can easily absorb.
Key Enzymes Activated:
• Amylase – Starch & carbohydrates
• Protease – Proteins
• Lipase – Fats & oils
• Cellulase – Cellulose & fibrous waste
Representative Chemical Reactions:
Polysaccharides (Starch):
(C₆H₁₀O₅)ₙ + nH₂O → nC₆H₁₂O₆
Proteins:
Proteins + H₂O → Amino acids
Lipids:
Fats + H₂O → Glycerol + Fatty acids
Results:
✔ Solubilization of organic solids
✔ Prevention of scum and sludge accumulation
✔ Significant reduction in TSS and odour
✔ Prepares wastewater for anaerobic digestion
🧪 Stage 2 – Acidogenesis | Conversion to Organic Acids & Gases
Purpose:
To ferment soluble organic compounds into volatile fatty acids (VFAs), hydrogen, and carbon dioxide under anaerobic conditions.
Typical Acidogenic Reactions:
Glucose fermentation to acids:
C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2CH₃CH₂COOH + 2CO₂ + 2H₂
Alcohol formation:
C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2CH₃CH₂OH + 2CO₂
Main Products:
• Volatile fatty acids (propionic, butyric, lactic acids)
• Hydrogen gas (H₂)
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Results:
✔ Major reduction in BOD and COD
✔ Suppression of sulphide-forming, odour-causing bacteria
✔ Generates substrates for acetogenesis
⚙️ Stage 3 – Acetogenesis | Stabilization of Volatile Fatty Acids
Purpose:
To convert volatile fatty acids into acetate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide, ensuring system stability.
Representative Reaction:
CH₃CH₂COOH + 2H₂O → CH₃COOH + CO₂ + 3H₂
Outputs:
• Acetate (CH₃COOH)
• Hydrogen gas (H₂)
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Results:
✔ Prevents acid shock and prolonged low pH
✔ Maintains stable digestion conditions
✔ Provides controlled feed for methanogenesis
🔥 Stage 4 – Methanogenesis | Final Anaerobic Stabilization
Purpose:
To convert acetate and hydrogen into methane and carbon dioxide, completing anaerobic digestion.
Methanogenic Reactions:
Acetoclastic methanogenesis:
CH₃COOH → CH₄ + CO₂
Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis:
CO₂ + 4H₂ → CH₄ + 2H₂O
Results:
✔ Complete stabilization of organic matter
✔ Elimination of residual odour compounds
✔ Minimal, biologically inert sludge formation
🌬 Stage 5 – Aerobic Oxidation | Final Polishing & Environmental Safety
Purpose:
To oxidize remaining organic residues using oxygen, producing clear and environmentally safe effluent.
Primary Aerobic Reaction:
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP)
Nitrification (if nitrogen present):
NH₄⁺ + 2O₂ → NO₃⁻ + 2H⁺ + H₂O
Final Products:
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
• Water (H₂O)
• Harmless microbial biomass
Overall Outcome:
✔ BOD ≤ 30 mg/L
✔ COD ≤ 250 mg/L
✔ TSS ≤ 100 mg/L
✔ Odour-free, CPCB-compliant effluent
📊 Performance Parameters (Typical)
✔ BOD reduction to ≤ 30 mg/L
✔ COD reduction to ≤ 250 mg/L
✔ TSS reduction to ≤ 100 mg/L
✔ Odour (H₂S / NH₃): Negligible
✔ pH stabilized between 6.5 – 8.5
Consistently aligned with CPCB Schedule VI – EPA 1986
🧾 Dosage Guidelines
Domestic Septic Tanks:
Up to 1000 L: 250 g initial, 100 g weekly
2000–5000 L: 500 g initial, 200 g weekly
Above 5000 L: 1 kg initial, 500 g weekly
Commercial / STP / ETP:
1 kg per 10 m³ every 3–5 days
⚠ Avoid chlorine, acids, or harsh detergents 12 hours before & after dosing
📜 Compliance & Safety
✔ CPCB Schedule VI – EPA 1986
✔ Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
✔ ISO 10634:2018 – Biodegradability
✔ ISO 8192:2007 – Activated sludge inhibition
✔ NBC 2016 – Sustainable sanitation
✔ Non-hazardous under OSHA & UN-GHS
🌿 Expected Outcomes
✅ 90–95% odour elimination
✅ 60–80% sludge volume reduction
✅ Clear, stable, CPCB-compliant effluent
✅ Extended tank & system life
✅ Supports ZLD & reuse systems
Eco-friendly performance • SAVE OUR EARTH
Product Name: Ergon Bio Evaporation Tank System
Manufacturer: Ergon INC
Category: Passive Wastewater Volume Reduction & Secondary Treatment System
Application: Domestic, Commercial, Institutional & Industrial Wastewater Systems
Function: Reduces effluent volume through natural evaporation, enhances site disposal efficiency, and complements the Ergon Bio Tank’s biological treatment.
1. System Overview
The Ergon Bio Evaporation Tank System (EBETS) is an advanced secondary wastewater treatment and disposal module, engineered to work alongside or downstream of the Ergon Bio Tank.
Its primary function is to naturally evaporate treated wastewater effluent through an optimized combination of heat exchange, convection, and microbial stabilization — without requiring electricity, moving parts, or chemical additives.
This system offers a sustainable, zero-energy alternative to traditional soak pits and leach fields, particularly in areas with high groundwater tables, low soil percolation, or strict discharge regulations.
2. Working Principle — Biological & Physical Mechanism
The Ergon Bio Evaporation Tank operates via combined biological stabilization and natural evaporation.
a. Inflow Stage (Effluent Entry)
Treated wastewater from the Ergon Bio Tank enters the evaporation chamber through a controlled inlet. The effluent is already low in BOD, COD, and TSS, ensuring hygienic and odor-free operation.
b. Biological Stabilization
Residual microorganisms and enzymes (from Ergon Bio Cleanser or native colonies) continue to act on trace organics.
Residual BOD/COD is further reduced by microbial oxidation.
Ammoniacal nitrogen and trace organics are converted into gaseous byproducts (N₂, CO₂, CH₄) or inert solids.
c. Natural Evaporation Phase
The top section of the tank is designed for maximum air–water interface exposure.
Vent stacks and thermal convection shafts draw warm air through the system, increasing the rate of evaporation and gas exchange.
Water vapor escapes safely through vents, while condensate is minimized via baffles and anti-drip diffusers.
d. Final Effluent Control
Only highly stabilized residual liquid (if any) proceeds to soak pit or is absorbed into soil, ensuring no groundwater contamination.
3. Design and Technical Specifications
| Specification | Detail / Range |
|---|
| System Type | Passive Evaporation + Biological Polishing Unit |
| Construction Material | HDPE / FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Polymer) / RCC based on site condition |
| Operating Principle | Natural Evaporation & Microbial Decomposition |
| Power Requirement | Nil (Passive Airflow System) |
| Temperature Range for Optimal Operation | 15°C – 50°C |
| Design Life | > 25 Years |
| Average Evaporation Rate | 4–6 mm/day (varies with climate) |
| Ventilation Design | Natural Draft Vents (PVC/FRP stack with anti-condensate cap) |
| Typical Size Range | 1,000 – 10,000 liters per unit |
| Installation Mode | Semi-underground / Surface-mounted with insulated vent stack |
| Maintenance | Negligible; periodic inspection only |
| Odor Control | Aerobic film + activated bio-media layer |
| Safety Ventilation | Pressure-neutral stack preventing gas build-up |
| Compatible Systems | Ergon Bio Tank 1+2, 2+3, or standalone greywater reuse modules |
4. System Composition
Inlet Chamber: Receives biologically treated effluent.
Evaporation Core Chamber: Facilitates heat absorption and air–water interaction.
Vent Stack Assembly: A vertical outlet promoting vapor escape and convection.
Biofilm Media (Optional): Porous synthetic media supporting microbial polishing.
Outlet Drain (if applicable): For minimal non-evaporated water flow to soak pit or garden reuse.
-
5. Physical and Biological Reactions
| Stage | Process Type | Transformation |
|---|
| 1. Aerobic Oxidation | Biological | Trace organic compounds → CO₂ + H₂O |
| 2. Nitrification | Biological | NH₄⁺ → NO₂⁻ → NO₃⁻ → N₂ (gas) |
| 3. Evaporation | Physical | H₂O (liquid) → H₂O (vapor) via convection |
| 4. Degassing | Physical | Volatile gases safely vented to atmosphere |
| 5. Polishing & Clarification | Biological/Physical | Further BOD & COD reduction |
6. Performance Parameters
| Parameter | Input from Bio Tank | After Evaporation Tank | CPCB Norms (Discharge Limit) |
|---|
| pH | 6.5 – 8.0 | 6.5 – 8.5 | 6.5 – 8.5 |
| BOD (mg/L) | 25 – 30 | ≤ 20 | ≤ 30 |
| COD (mg/L) | 150 – 250 | ≤ 150 | ≤ 250 |
| TSS (mg/L) | 70 – 90 | ≤ 50 | ≤ 100 |
| Odor (H₂S/NH₃) | Minimal | None detectable | — |
| Effluent Volume Reduction | — | Up to 60–70% by evaporation | — |
Conclusion:
Effluent exiting this system is typically safe for discharge to soil or reuse under Schedule VI, EPA 1986 standards.
7. Benefits of the Ergon Bio Evaporation Tank System
✅ Zero Energy Operation: 100% natural evaporation using sunlight and airflow.
✅ Groundwater Safety: No infiltration of untreated liquid.
✅ Odor-Free: Aerobic biofilm and vent stacks prevent foul emissions.
✅ Maintenance-Free: No mechanical components; inspection every 12–18 months.
✅ Compact Footprint: Requires 40–60% less space than conventional soak pits.
✅ Scalable: Modular design allows parallel or series configurations for larger facilities.
8. Environmental & Government Compliance
Applicable Acts & Clauses (India)
| Act / Standard | Clause | Relevance |
|---|
| Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 | Sec. 24(1) | Prohibits direct discharge of polluting effluents into water bodies. |
| Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 | Schedule VI | Defines permissible limits for treated sewage/effluent. |
| CPCB Effluent Discharge Standards (EPA 1986) | BOD ≤ 30 mg/L, COD ≤ 250 mg/L, TSS ≤ 100 mg/L | The Ergon system achieves or exceeds these standards. |
| ISO 16075:2020 | Guidelines for treated wastewater reuse | Supports effluent reuse in irrigation after evaporation stage. |
| National Building Code (NBC 2016, Part 9) | Sustainable sanitation systems | Encourages use of eco-friendly onsite treatment & disposal methods. |
9. Installation Guidelines
- Site Preparation:
Excavate based on design capacity; ensure firm sub-base and no groundwater inflow.
Placement:
Install tank with vent stack oriented toward natural airflow for optimal convection.
Connection:
Connect outlet of Bio Tank to inlet of Evaporation Tank via PVC/HDPE conduit.
Backfilling & Leveling:
Use sand/gravel backfill; avoid compacting too tightly around vent base.
Commissioning:
Introduce treated effluent gradually; confirm airflow through vent stack.
10. Maintenance & Safety
No daily maintenance required.
Inspect vent openings semi-annually to prevent obstruction.
Ensure no rainwater ingress.
Avoid chemical inflows (chlorine, acids, phenols) that can harm microbes.
Follow vent height recommendations per CPCB / NBC for safe gas dispersal.
11. Typical Applications
🏠 Residential Homes & Apartments
🏨 Hotels, Resorts, and Hospitals
🏫 Schools & Institutional Campuses
🏭 Industrial Canteens & Office Facilities
🏕 Rural Sanitation & Eco-Villages
Especially recommended for regions with low percolation, rocky subsoil, or high groundwater levels.
12. Expected Field Performance
Effluent reduction: 60–70% via evaporation
BOD/COD polishing: Up to 30% improvement post bio tank
Odor elimination: 100% under normal operation
Service life: >25 years
Return on investment: Within 2–3 years through zero maintenance costs
13. Summary
The Ergon Bio Evaporation Tank System is a sustainable, maintenance-free wastewater management solution that complements biological treatment systems by offering natural, energy-free effluent volume reduction.
Through a combination of biological polishing, passive heat-assisted evaporation, and advanced venting, it ensures long-term compliance with environmental standards, preserves groundwater, and delivers a clean, odor-free onsite wastewater solution for both urban and rural infrastructures.